Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a condition that causes pain and tenderness in the outer part of the forearm and elbow. This is a problem that affects not only athletes, but people of all ages and professions. By understanding the causes, symptoms and treatment options, individuals can better manage the condition and prevent future episodes.
What is lateral epicondylitis?
Definition and causes
Lateral epicondylitis is an injury caused by overuse of the muscles and tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow – the outer bump of the humerus. The condition is caused by the tendons being subjected to contractile overload so they become damaged. Often as a result of repetitive movements of the arm and wrist. Common activities that can lead to this type of overload include heavy lifting, painting, carpentry and using computers. Only five percent of lateral epicondylitis cases are caused by racket sports.
Anatomical overview
The primary muscle involved in lateral epicondylitis is the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). This muscle plays an important role in extending and stabilizing the wrist. When the ECRB is overstretched or injured, pain and sometimes inflammation can occur at the attachment to the elbow.
Why do you get lateral epicondylitis?
Risk factors and contributing activities
Lateral epicondylitis can be triggered by a number of factors. Ageing is a significant factor, as tendon elasticity decreases with age. Occupations and hobbies that require repeated or forceful use of the arm and wrist also increase the risk. In addition, improper technique in sports or work activities, as well as inadequate equipment, can contribute to the development of the condition.
Age-related susceptibility and biomechanics
Biomechanical factors play an important role in the development of lateral epicondylitis. Incorrect movement patterns and poor ergonomics in everyday or work activities can lead to undue stress on the ECRB tendon, increasing the risk of injury. Age-related deterioration of muscle and tendon tissue also contributes to increased vulnerability.
Symptoms caused by lateral epicondylitis
Common symptoms and signs
Those suffering from lateral epicondylitis often report pain that can be described as burning or aching on the outside of the elbow. The pain may worsen when grasping objects, shaking hands, extending the elbow, or twisting the wrist. Weakness in the forearm and difficulty performing everyday actions, such as opening a jar or holding a tool, are also common symptoms.
Progression of the condition
Without treatment, the symptoms of lateral epicondylitis can worsen over time. Initially, pain may only occur after activities but may eventually become constant. Increased pain can lead to reduced function and strength in the arm, which can significantly affect quality of life.
Diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis
Physical examination and diagnostic tests
The diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis is usually based on the individual’s medical history and a physical examination. The doctor may conduct tests such as asking the patient to flex the arm, wrist and fingers against resistance to trigger symptoms. Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs may be used to rule out other conditions.
Differential diagnoses
It is important to distinguish lateral epicondylitis from similar conditions such as elbow osteoarthritis or golf elbow. If you are over 35 years old, it may be important to examine your neck to see if the pain in your elbow is referred from there. An accurate diagnosis ensures that proper treatment can be initiated.
How we can help you
At Fascia Clinics, we understand the challenges of lateral epicondylitis and aim to offer a tailored treatment plan to meet your individual needs.
Treatment of lateral epicondylitis involves first examining posture and balance throughout the body. An imbalance results in an uneven load that can be carried forward to overstress muscles and tendons, far away from the primary problem. So treatment always starts with a load analysis.
Treatment starts the flow in the tissue, the fascia, around the tendon which can shorten the healing time by starting the flow in the tissue. Circulation in the tendon is also improved, increasing oxygen and nutrient supply. A tendon normally has a poor blood supply and therefore takes longer to heal than a muscle, so treating for increased flow to the tendon can significantly shorten healing time. In addition, the whole body will receive a more even and balanced load so that the risk of recurrence is reduced.
Treatment options for lateral epicondylitis
Non-surgical treatments
A comprehensive treatment plan for lateral epicondylitis often includes rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Cortisone injections and physiotherapy are also common. Physiotherapy may focus in particular on stretching and strengthening exercises for the forearm, in order to improve the balance between the muscles in the long term and thus reduce the strain on the affected tendon.
Surgical options
If non-surgical treatments have not been successful, surgical options may be considered. These may include removing damaged tissue or releasing the tendon from the bone to reduce tension and pain.
Prevention and long-term management
Exercises and ergonomic adjustments
To reduce the risk of lateral epicondylitis, it is important to adopt correct working postures and use appropriate techniques during activities. Regular breaks, proper equipment, and specific strengthening and stretching exercises can also help prevent the condition.
The importance of proper equipment and technology
Using the right equipment and maintaining correct technique is one of the most important factors to avoid suffering from lateral epicondylitis. This includes choosing the right racket and learning and applying correct hitting technique.
References:
- https://www.1177.se/sjukdomar-besvar/skelett-leder-och-muskler/muskler/tennisarmbage/
- https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennisarmb%C3%A5ge