What is called a heel spur is usually not a true developed heel spur but starts with an inflammation of the plantar fascia tendon attachment to the underside of the heel bone, plantar fasciitis. Constant, daily repetitive overuse of the tendon causes small micro-injuries that the body tries to heal.
In tennis elbow, it hurts on the outside of the elbow. However, this type of pain does not always indicate a real tennis elbow but a so-called false tennis elbow. The pain then originates from some other area of the body than the injury area. For example, tense muscles in the neck and shoulder, nerve entrapment and bursitis can cause similar symptoms.
Osteoarthritis in the back most commonly affects the neck and lumbar spine but can affect any part of the spine. The articular cartilage in joints, in this case the facet joints, is continuously broken down and rebuilt at the same rate if the joint is balanced and loaded correctly and the right nutrients are available.
The fascia becomes denser, it thickens, resulting in higher friction and impaired gliding function with limited mobility of the joint. It can then result in frozen shoulder.
When the shoulder feels stiff and starts to hurt in different movements, a common cause is osteoarthritis of the shoulder. The symptoms often come on slowly over a long period of time.
The shoulder is a compound joint consisting of the joint between the upper arm and the scapula (glenohumeral joint), the joint between the scapula and the clavicle (acromioclavicular joint) and the joint between the sternum and the clavicle (sternoclavicular joint).
Osteoarthritis of the knee joint causes stiffness in the knee and pain when walking. Knee osteoarthritis develops slowly. It often takes several years after the onset of pain before the osteoarthritis shows up on an X-ray.
Osteoarthritis of the hip develops slowly and gradually worsens, and the pain is often insidious and increases gradually over time. It may start with pain in the groin, glutes, thighs and even knees, associated with physical activity. The stiffness increases more and more and is usually worse in the morning.
The thoracic spine is made up of 12 thoracic vertebrae with disks, cushions, between the vertebrae that help to increase mobility between the vertebrae and also have a shock-absorbing capacity and should withstand compression. It is the part of the back that extends between the cervical and lumbar spine.
A herniated disc is an injury to a disc anywhere along the vertebral column, either in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine. The most common is a herniated disc in the lower lumbar spine, but it is also common in the cervical spine.
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